Project Report Sample Part 3 (Requirements and Feasibility Analysis,Introduction, H/W and S/W Requirement, Feasibility Study)
Requirement
AND
Feasibility
Analysis
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Prior to the
software development efforts in any type of system it is very essential to
understand the requirements of the system and users. A complete specification
of the software is the 1st step in the analysis of system.
Requirements analysis provides the designer with the representation of function
and procedures that can be translated into data, architecture and procedural
design.
The goal of system requirement analysis is to find out how the current
system is working and finding out the areas where improvement is necessary and
possible.
I
Introduction
Purpose
The adaptive Internet banking is proffering an end-to-end solution that
includes both customer’s services and software implementation solution tailored
to a company’s specific needs and imperatives.
II
Specific Requirements
1) Functional
Requirements
·
Registration Module
·
Scheduling Test Module
·
Generating Test Module
·
Report Module
·
Test Module
2) Interface
Requirement
·
User Interface
·
Hardware Interface
·
Software Interface
·
Communication Interface.
3)
Attributes: Security characteristics in the
software: - Authentication, What is wanted, Mobility, Availability, Timing, and
Reliability. On the basis of which it will decide about the backup.
III Interface Requirements
1.
User Interface:
The package must be user friendly and robust.
It must prompt the user with proper message boxes to help them perform various
actions and how to proceed further. The system must respond normally under any
input conditions and display proper message instead of turning up faults and
errors.
2.
Hardware Requirements:
Hardware
|
Specification
|
CPU
|
Intel Pentium IV
|
SPEED
|
1.5 GHz
|
RAM
|
512MB
|
HARD DISK
|
20GB
|
KEYBOARD
|
105Keys
|
3. Software Specification:
Software is a set of program, documents, and
procedure, routines associated with computer system. Software is an essential
complement to hardware. It is the computer programs, when executed operates the
hardware.
The “Online Banking” has been developed using the
following tools:
- JAVA
- SQL
Server
- HTML
Java programming language
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling
and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Unlike
conventional languages, which are generally designed to be compiled to native
code, Java is compiled to a bytecode, which is then run (generally using JIT
compilation) by a Java virtual machine.
The language
itself borrows much syntax from C and C++ but has a much simpler
object model and does away with low-level tools like programmer-manipulated pointers.
Java is only
distantly related to JavaScript, though they have similar names and share a C-like syntax.
Version history
As with other
parts of the Java platform, the Java language has evolved
over the years while largely maintaining backwards compatibility.
JDK 1.0, JDK
1.1, J2SE 1.2, J2SE 1.3, J2SE 1.4, J2SE 5.0, Java SE 6, Java SE 7 —
Philosophy
There were five primary goals in
the creation of the Java language:
- It should use the object-oriented programming methodology.
- It should allow the same program to be executed on multiple operating systems.
- It should contain built-in support for using computer networks.
- It should be designed to execute code from remote sources securely.
- It should be easy to use and borrow the good parts of older object-oriented languages like C++.
The
JAVA Architecture:
Java’s strength comes from its unique architecture. The java needed a
language that was above all, simple for the programmer to use. Yet in order to
create reliable network applications, Java needed to be able to run securely
over a network at the same time, work on a wide range of platforms. Java
fulfills all of these goals and more.
Working with Java:
As with many other programming languages, java uses a compiler to convert
human-readable source code into executable programs. Java compiler generates
architecture-independent byte code codes. The byte codes can be only a java
virtual machine, which is ideal java architecture, usually implemented in software rather than hardware. The compilation
process is illustrated as under:
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|
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|
Java Features:
The major characters that make java such powerful development tool are
their securities, open standards, memory management, object oriented,
multithreading and it’s distributed and dynamic characteristics.
1.
Simple
Java was designed to be the easy for professional programmer to learn and
use effectively. If one already understands the basic concepts of objects
oriented programming, learning java will be even easier.
2.
Robustness
The multi-platform environment of the Web places extraordinary demand on
a program, because the program must execute reliably in a verity of systems.
Thus the ability to create robust programs was given a priority in the design
of java. To better understand how java is robust, consider two of the reasons
for programs failure, memory management mistakes and mishandled exception
conditions (i.e. run time error). Memory Management can be difficult, tedious
task in traditional programming environments. For example in C/C++, the
programmer must manually allocate and free all dynamic memory that has been
previously allocated or, worse, try to free some memory that another part of
their code is still using. Java virtually eliminates these problems by managing
memory allocation and de-allocation, because java provides for you. Exceptional
conditions in traditional environments often arises in a situation such as
division by zero or “file not found” and thy must be managed with clumsy and
hard-to-hard construct. Java helps in this area by providing object oriented
exception handling. In well written java programs, all run-time errors can and
be managed by your program.
3) Security
features:
Security is probably the main problem facing internet developers. Users
are typically afraid of two things: confidential information being compromised
and their computer systems being corrupted or destroyed by hackers. Java’s
built in security addressed both of these concerns. Java built in security
measures ensure java programs will operates with in the rules of the VM &
prevent untrustworthy programs from accessing system resources.
4)
Open
Standard/Platforms Independence
Today, JVMs are available for more than a dozen different Hardware and
Operating system combination. The exciting aspect of java’s cross-platform
capability is that java class files do not need to be complied for each
platform in advance. The same complied java program will work on the PC,
Macintosh & every other platform that runs a java VM. A java application we
write on our system today should run on every supported platform, even those do
not exist yet. This deduces the development time by big factor.
5) Distributed
and Dynamic:
In the windows operating systems, parts of programs can be placed into
Dynamic link libraries so that they can be shared and loaded dynamically; i.e.
when the program is running. The operating system does the final stage of
linking at execution time. Using shared DLL saves memory and improves the
modality of the software. Java takes Dynamic Libraries a step further. The VM
class loader fetches class files from the network as well from the disk,
providing location transparency making Java applications distributed as well as
Dynamic.
6)
Object-Oriented:
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a way to software that is reusable,
extensible & maintainable. Java is an object-oriented language that is it
has facilities for OOP incorporated into the language. In OOPs it attempts to
break a problem in to its component parts. The solution focuses on these
independent objects and their relationship to other objects.
7)
Multithreading:
A single-threaded application has one thread of execution running at all times,
all such programmers can do only one task at a time. If a single threaded
program need to perform a task that will take several minutes.
SERVLETS
The javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages provide interfaces and classes for writing servlets. All servlets must implement the Servlet interface, which defines life-cycle methods.
When implementing a generic service, We can use or extend the GenericServlet class provided with the Java Servlet API. The HttpServlet class provides methods, such as
doGet
and doPost, for handling
HTTP-specific services.
Servelet life cycle
Servlet Life Cycle Loading and
Instantiating a Servlet
When we start up a servlet
container, it looks for a set of configuration files, web.xml web.xml includes The
name of the servlet . A
Java class name for the servlet.The servlet container creates an instance of
the given servlet class using Class.forName(className).newInstance()
At this time, the servlet is loaded
Initializing a Servlet
Once the container creates
the servlet instance, it calls the init(ServletConfig) method on this newly
created instance
ServletConfig
object contains all the initialization parameters specified in web.xml The servlet is initialized after init() returns
Servlet container calls the
init() method only once on a servlet
instance
Servicing Client Requests
When the servlet container
receives requests for this servlet.Dispatch the requests to the servlet
instance by calling the Servlet.service(ServletRequest,
ServletResponse) method.
Destroying a Servlet :
If the servlet container
decides that it no longer needs a servlet
instance Calls the destroy()
method on the servlet instance. The servlet should clean up
the resources. The servlet container cannot reuse this instance in any way.A servlet container may destroy a servlet if it
is running low on resources
Important Objects
ServletConfig
ServletContext
RequestDispatcher
ServletRequest (HTTPRequest)
HTTPSession
ServletResponse (HTTPResponse)
ServletContext: Dispatcher Methods
Provides a RequestDispatcher to include or forward results from/to
another servlet.
Methods:
getRequestDispatcher (String path) returns a RequestDispatcher
associated with the resource at the
given path.
getNamedDispatcher (String name) returns a RequestDispatcher associated with
the named resource (name must be in the deployment descriptors)
RequestDispatcher
Provides a way to forward
or include data from another resource
Important
methods:
Forward (ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp)
Include (ServletRequest req,
ServletResponse resp)
RequestDispatcher: forward
Allows a servlet to forward the request to another resource.Data can be saved in the ServletRequest.This
permits mult-stage processing of the data. Most common use is to separate ServletResponse before forwarding it.A
IllegalStateException will be thrown.
RequestDispatcher: include
Allows a servlet to include
the results of another resource in its response.Similar to forward, but
Data can be written to the
response before an Include. The first servlet to receive the request is the one
who finishes the response
ServletRequest(HTTP Request)
Emodies a request to rhe
servlet Contains the parameters
passed by the user .Holds the users session (HttpRequest) Allows for the addition of
attributes.This makes it easy to pass objects to other servlets before using a
RequestDispatcher
ServletRequest(HttpRequest)
_ Important Methods:
getAttributes(String Name)
setAttributes(String name, Object o)
getParameter(String name)
getParameterNames(String name)
getSession(): returns the HTTPSession of this user
Session
Tracking
● Need a mechanism to maintain state across a series of requests
from the same user (or
originating from the same
browser) over some period of time
Example:
Online shopping cart
● Yet, HTTP is stateless
protocol Each time, a client talks to a web server, it
opens a new connection Server does not automatically maintains “conversational
state” of a user
HTTP Cookie
● Cookie is a small amount
of information sent
by a servlet to
a Web browser
● Saved by the browser, and
later sent back to the server in subsequent requests
A cookie has a name, a
single value, and optional attributes
A cookie's value can uniquely
identify a client
● Server uses cookie's
value to extract information about the session from some location on the
Server.
URL Rewriting
● URLs can be rewritten or
encoded to include session information.
● URL rewriting usually
includes a session
id
● Session id can be sent as
an added parameter:
http://.../servlet/Rewritten?sessionid=688
Hidden Form Fields
● Hidden form fields do not
display in the browser, but can be sent back to the server
by submit <INPUT
TYPE=”HIDDEN” NAME=”session” VALUE=”...”>
● Fields can have
identification (session id) or just some thing to remember (occupation)
● Servlet reads the fields
using req.getParameter()
HttpSession
● To get a user's existing
or new session object:
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
● "true" means the server should
create a new session object if necessary
HttpSession is Java interface
● Container creates a
object of HttpSession type
Installing the Java Software Development Kit (Tomcat 5.0)
Tomcat 5.0 is a
pure Java web server. In order to use it, you must first install a Java runtime
environment. Installation of the SDK varies per platform but is typically easy
to do. Tomcat supports many features and configuration options.
Testing Tomcat
The
Tomcat installation directory contains a number of subdirectories. All of them
are described in the README.txt file, but the most important ones are:
·
bin: Scripts
for starting and stopping the Tomcat server.
·
conf:
Tomcat configuration files.
·
webapps:
Default location for web applications served by Tomcat. Two more subdirectories
under the Tomcat home directory are created the first time you start the
server:
·
logs:
Server log files. If something doesn't work as expected, look in the files in
this directory for clues as to what's wrong.
·
work:
A directory for temporary files created by the JSP container and other files.
This directory is where the servlets generated from JSP pages are stored.
To test the
server, run the startup script and open a browser and enter this URL in the
Location/Address field: http://localhost:8080/.
The Tomcat main page is shown in the browser, as in Figure, and you can now run
all servlet and JSP examples bundled with Tomcat to ensure everything works.
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Some
popular DBMS
ü ISOL
ü PLSQL
- RDBMS
Some popular RDBMS
ü Microsoft
SQL Server 7.0
ü Oracle8.0
server
ü Sybase
server
ü Informix
server
ü MySQL
Relational and Object relational database management system: -
ü Relation
model and object relational model
ü User
defined data types and objects
ü Fully
compatible with relational database
ü Support
of multimedia and large objects
ü High
quality database server features
ü Oracle
Internet platform.
Important concept used in SQL
SQL is command
based database language.
ü Select
statement
ü Joints
ü Normalization
ü Manipulation
ü Integrity
ü Creation
and deletion of table and view
ü Triggers
SQL model concept
Entity , Attributes , Relationship , Key , Constrains
SDLC of SQL
SERVER
Strategy
Design
Build & Doc
Transition
Production
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