Top 20 programming languages
Compared to last month, nothing really changed in the top 20 of the TIOBE index. Only Transact-SQL and VB.NET swapped places. This could be due to the holiday season, but I am afraid it is just because nothing much is happening in the language market. Except for the rise of Objective-C, no new language emerged the last couple of years. How much longer do we have to wait for the expected breakthrough of the Scalas, the Darts and the Clojures? The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. The popular search engines Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate the ratings. Observe that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.
The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.
| Position Sep 2012 | Position Sep 2011 | Delta in Position | Programming Language | Ratings Sep 2012 | Delta Sep 2011 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 |  | C | 19.295% | +1.29% | A |
| 2 | 1 |  | Java | 16.267% | -2.49% | A |
| 3 | 6 | | Objective-C | 9.770% | +3.61% | A |
| 4 | 3 | | C++ | 9.147% | +0.30% | A |
| 5 | 4 | | C# | 6.596% | -0.22% | A |
| 6 | 5 | | PHP | 5.614% | -0.98% | A |
| 7 | 7 |  | (Visual) Basic | 5.528% | +1.11% | A |
| 8 | 8 | | Python | 3.861% | -0.14% | A |
| 9 | 9 | | Perl | 2.267% | -0.20% | A |
| 10 | 11 | | Ruby | 1.724% | +0.29% | A |
| 11 | 10 | | JavaScript | 1.328% | -0.14% | A |
| 12 | 12 | | Delphi/Object Pascal | 0.993% | -0.32% | A |
| 13 | 14 | | Lisp | 0.969% | -0.07% | A |
| 14 | 15 | | Transact-SQL | 0.875% | +0.02% | A |
| 15 | 39 | | Visual Basic .NET | 0.840% | +0.53% | A |
| 16 | 16 | | Pascal | 0.830% | -0.02% | A |
| 17 | 13 | | Lua | 0.723% | -0.43% | A- |
| 18 | 18 | | Ada | 0.700% | +0.02% | A-- |
| 19 | 17 | | PL/SQL | 0.604% | -0.12% | B |
| 20 | 22 | | MATLAB | 0.563% | +0.02% | B |
Long term trends
The long term trends for the top 10 programming languages can be found in the line diagram below.
Other programming languages
The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at tpci@tiobe.com.| Position | Programming Language | Ratings |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | Bash | 0.543% |
| 22 | Assembly | 0.530% |
| 23 | SAS | 0.528% |
| 24 | R | 0.440% |
| 25 | COBOL | 0.431% |
| 26 | Fortran | 0.430% |
| 27 | ABAP | 0.427% |
| 28 | RPG (OS/400) | 0.410% |
| 29 | Scheme | 0.401% |
| 30 | Logo | 0.369% |
| 31 | Scratch | 0.356% |
| 32 | Prolog | 0.336% |
| 33 | D | 0.311% |
| 34 | Haskell | 0.303% |
| 35 | NXT-G | 0.293% |
| 36 | Scala | 0.273% |
| 37 | Erlang | 0.266% |
| 38 | Smalltalk | 0.249% |
| 39 | Common Lisp | 0.241% |
| 40 | Forth | 0.228% |
| 41 | APL | 0.224% |
| 42 | ML | 0.223% |
| 43 | Awk | 0.220% |
| 44 | Processing | 0.195% |
| 45 | ActionScript | 0.187% |
| 46 | Alice | 0.184% |
| 47 | C shell | 0.163% |
| 48 | PL/I | 0.162% |
| 49 | (Visual) FoxPro | 0.155% |
| 50 | Tcl | 0.154% |
The Next 50 Programming Languages
The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).- ABC, Algol, bc, BETA, Boo, CFML, CHILL, CL (OS/400), Clean, Clojure, cT, Dart, Dylan, Eiffel, Emacs Lisp, F#, Factor, Gambas, Go, Groovy, Icon, IDL, Inform, Informix-4GL, J, JScript.NET, LabVIEW, Ladder Logic, LPC, MS-DOS batch, MUMPS, NATURAL, Oberon, OCaml, Occam, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Oz, PowerShell, Q, REXX, S, S-PLUS, SPARK, VBScript, VHDL, WebDNA, X10, xBase, Z shell
Very Long Term History
To see the bigger picture, please find the positions of the top 10 programming languages from 5, 15 and 25 years ago in the table below.| Programming Language | Position Sept 2012 | Position Sept 2007 | Position Sept 1997 | Position Sept 1987 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Java | 2 | 1 | 5 | - |
| Objective-C | 3 | 43 | - | - |
| C++ | 4 | 5 | 2 | 6 |
| C# | 5 | 7 | - | - |
| PHP | 6 | 4 | - | - |
| (Visual) Basic | 7 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Python | 8 | 8 | 29 | - |
| Perl | 9 | 6 | 7 | - |
| Ruby | 10 | 10 | - | - |
| Lisp | 13 | 16 | 10 | 3 |
| Ada | 18 | 19 | 16 | 2 |
Programming Language Hall of Fame
The hall of fame listing all "Programming Language of the Year" award winners is shown below. The award is given to the programming language that has the highest rise in ratings in a year.| Year | Winner |
|---|---|
| 2011 | Objective-C |
| 2010 | Python |
| 2009 | Go |
| 2008 | C |
| 2007 | Python |
| 2006 | Ruby |
| 2005 | Java |
| 2004 | PHP |
| 2003 | C++ |
Categories of Programming Languages
In the tables below some long term trends are shown about categories of languages. Object-oriented statically typed languages have been most popular for more than 5 years now.| Category | Ratings Sept 2012 | Delta Sept 2011 |
|---|---|---|
| Object-Oriented Languages | 57.1% | +0.9% |
| Procedural Languages | 38.1% | +0.4% |
| Functional Languages | 3.2% | -1.1% |
| Logical Languages | 1.7% | -0.1% |
| Category | Ratings Sept 2012 | Delta Sept 2011 |
|---|---|---|
| Statically Typed Languages | 71.8% | +0.1% |
| Dynamically Typed Languages | 28.2% | -0.1% |
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